same
on Solaris/Linux/Win32
yum -y install httpd w3m (-y to
accept any prompt)
cd /etc/httpd/conf
2 files -> httpd.conf magic
-- service httpd start
sudo service httpd start
sudo yum install mysql-server
root@rhel-gpfs # sudo yum install mysql-server
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Setting up Install Process
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: centos.hostingxtreme.com
* extras: centos.eecs.wsu.edu
* updates:
repos.lax.quadranet.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-server.x86_64 0:5.1.73-3.el6_5 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: mysql = 5.1.73-3.el6_5 for package:
mysql-server-5.1.73-3.el6_5.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl-DBD-MySQL for package:
mysql-server-5.1.73-3.el6_5.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql.x86_64 0:5.1.73-3.el6_5 will be installed
---> Package perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_64 0:4.013-3.el6 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
===================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
===================================================
Installing:
mysql-server x86_64 5.1.73-3.el6_5 base 8.6 M
Installing for dependencies:
mysql x86_64 5.1.73-3.el6_5 base 894 k
perl-DBD-MySQL x86_64 4.013-3.el6 base 134 k
Transaction Summary
===================================================
Install 3 Package(s)
Total download size: 9.6 M
Installed size: 27 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
(1/3): mysql-5.1.73-3.el6_5.x86_64.rpm | 894 kB 00:03
(2/3): mysql-server-5.1.73-3.el6_5.x86_64.rpm | 8.6 MB 00:17
(3/3): perl-DBD-MySQL-4.013-3.el6.x86_64.rpm | 134 kB 00:00
---------------------------------------------------
Total 455
kB/s | 9.6 MB 00:21
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing :
mysql-5.1.73-3.el6_5.x86_64 1/3
Installing :
perl-DBD-MySQL-4.013-3.el6.x86_64 2/3
Installing :
mysql-server-5.1.73-3.el6_5.x86_64 3/3
Verifying : perl-DBD-MySQL-4.013-3.el6.x86_64 1/3
Verifying : mysql-server-5.1.73-3.el6_5.x86_64 2/3
Verifying : mysql-5.1.73-3.el6_5.x86_64 3/3
Installed:
mysql-server.x86_64
0:5.1.73-3.el6_5
Dependency Installed:
mysql.x86_64
0:5.1.73-3.el6_5
perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_64 0:4.013-3.el6
Complete!
root@rhel-gpfs # sudo /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation
root@rhel-gpfs # chkconfig --levels 235 httpd on
root@rhel-gpfs # vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
Uncomment this line -> NameVirtualHost *:80
root@rhel-gpfs # service httpd restart
Go to firefox to verify and open localhost
####################################################################
|
web
server binaries
|
/usr/sbin/httpd
/usr/sbin/httpd_monitor
|
|
config
files
|
/etc/httpd/conf/*
|
|
log
files
|
/etc/httpd/logs/*
|
|
web
server root
(contains
cgi, icons/images, and html files)
|
/home/httpd/*
|
##########################################################
All of the files for the sites that you host will be located in
directories that exist underneath/srv/www. You can symbolically link these directories into other locations
if you need them to exist in other places.
ErrorLog and CustomLog entries are suggested for more fine-grained logging, but are
not required. If they are defined (as shown above), the logs directories must be created before
you restart Apache.
#################################################
Apache Interview Questions & Answers
Q: – What is location of log files for Apache server ?
Ans- /var/log/httpd
Q: – What are the types of virtual hosts ?
Ans-
a. name-based
b. IP-based.
Name-based virtual host means that multiple names are running on each IP address.
IP-based virtual host means that a different IP address exists for each website served. Most configurations are named-based because it only requires one IP address.
Q: – Command to restart/start Apache web server ?
Ans- service httpd restart/start
Q: – Comamnd to check the version of Apache server ?
Ans- rpm -qa |grep httpd
Q: – What is meaning of “Listen” in httpd.conf file ?
Ans- Port number on which to listen for nonsecure (http) transfers.
Q: – What is Document Root ?
Ans- It is a location of files which are accessible by clients. By default, the Apache HTTP server in RedHat Enterprise Linux is configured to serve files from the /var/www/html/ directory.
Q: – Apache server works on which ports ?
Ans-
http – port 80
https – port 443
Q: – Tell me name of main configuration file of Apache server ?
Ans- httpd.conf
Q: – On which version of apache you have worked ?
Ans- httpd-2.2.3
Q: – What do you mean by a valid ServerName directive?
Ans- The DNS system is used to associate IP addresses with domain names. The value of ServerName is returned when the server generates a URL. If you are using a certain domain name, you must make sure that it is included in your DNS system and will be available to clients visiting your site.
Q: – What is the main difference between and sections?
Ans- Directory sections refer to file system objects; Location sections refer to elements in the address bar of the Web Page.
Q: – What is the difference between a restart and a graceful restart of a web server ?
Ans- During a normal restart, the server is stopped and then started, causing some requests to be lost. A graceful restart allows Apache children to continue to serve their current requests until they can be replaced with children running the new configuration.
Q: – What is the use of mod_perl module ?
Ans- mod_perl scripting module to allow better Perl script performance and easy integration with the web server.
Q: – If you have added “loglevel Debug” in httpd.conf file, than what will happen ?
Ans- It will give you more information in the error log in order to debug a problem.
Q: – Is it possible to record the MAC (hardware) address of clients that access your server ?
Ans- No
Q: – If there is one IP address, than how to host two web sites on server ?
Ans- In this case I will use Name Based Virtual hosting.
ServerName 10.111.203.25
NameVirtualHost *:80
ServerName web1.test.com
DocumentRoot /var/www/html/web1
ServerName web2.test2.com
DocumentRoot /var/www/html/web2
Q: – Can I serve content out of a directory other than the DocumentRoot directory?
Ans- Yes. We can do it by using “Alias” command.
Q: – If you have to more than one URL map to the same directory but you don’t have multiple Alias directives. What you will do ?
Ans- In this case I will use “AliasMatch” directives.
The AliasMatch directive allows you to use regular expressions to match arbitrary patterns in URLs and map anything matching the pattern to the desired URL.
Q: – Can you record all the cookies sent to your server by clients in Web Server logs?
Ans- Yes, add following lines in httpd.conf file.
CustomLog logs/cookies_in.log “%{UNIQUE_ID}e %{Cookie}i” CustomLog logs/cookies2_in.log “%{UNIQUE_ID}e %{Cookie2}i”
Q: – Can we do automatically roll over the Apache logs at specific times without having to shut down and restart the server?
Ans- Yes
Use CustomLog and the rotatelogs programs
Add following line in httpd.conf file. CustomLog “| /path/to/rotatelogs /path/to/logs/access_log.%Y-%m-%d 86400″ combined
Q: – What we should do to find out how people are reaching your site ?
Ans- Add the following effect or to your activity log format. %{Referer}
Q: – How you will put a limit on uploads on your web server ?
Ans- This can be achieved by LimitRequestBody directive.
LimitRequestBody 100000
Here I have put limit of 100000 Bytes
Q: – I want to stop people using my site by Proxy server. Is it possible?
Ans-
Order Allow,Deny
Deny from all
Satisfy All
Q: – What is mod_evasive module?
Ans- mod_evasive is a third-party module that performs one simple task and performs it very well. It detects when your site is receiving a Denial of Service (DoS) attack and it prevents that attack from doing as much damage. mod_evasive detects when a single client is making multiple requests in a short period of time and denies further requests from that client. The period for which the ban is in place can be very short, because it just gets renewed the next time a request is detected from that same host.
Q: – How t to enable PHP scripts on your server?
Ans- If you have mod_php installed, use AddHandler to map .php and .phtml files to the PHP handler. AddHandler application/x-httpd-php .phtml .php
Q: – Which tool you have used for Apache benchmarking?
Ans-
ab (Apache bench)
ab -n 1000 -c 10 http://www.test.com/test.html
Q: – Can we cache files which are viewed frequently?
Ans- Yes we can do it by using mod_file_cache module.
CacheFile /www/htdocs/index.html
1: Briefly explain Apache Web Server.
Answer:
Apache Web Server is one of the most secure, powerful and popular open source HTTP Servers. It can be used to host anything from personal web sites to corporate domains.
2: You see "connection reset by peer" in error log. What could be the reason for this?
Answer:
If the end user terminates the connection when the server response was being formed or was being transferred, we see "connection reset by peer" in the error log.
3: What type of IP is required for Apache Web Server to host our website?
Answer:
If we have a DSL connection with a static IP then we can use the Apache web server to host our website.
5. You are asked to stop Apache Service through its control Script. What will you do?
Answer : The Apache service is controlled using a script called apachectl. In order to stop apache using its control script we need to run.
# apachectl stop [On Debian based Systems]
# /etc/inid.t/httpd stop [On Red Hat based Systems]
6. How is ‘apachectl restart’ different from ‘apachect1 graceful’
Answer : The ‘apachect1 restart’ when executed will force Apache to restart immediately, before the task complete whereas ‘apachectl graceful’ will wait for the current task to be finished before restarting the service. Not to mention ‘apachectl graceful’ is more safe to execute but the execution time for ‘apachect1 restart’ is less as compared to ‘apachectl graceful’.
